Ginkgo Biloba and Green Tea Polyphenols Captured into Collagen–Lipid Nanocarriers: A Promising Synergistically Approach for Apoptosis Activation and Tumoral Cell Cycle Arrest

Considering the world's growing interest in health-promoting phytochemicals, the current research investigated the development of a dual-captured <i>Ginkgo Biloba</i> and Green Tea Extract into Collagen-Nanostructured Lipid Nanocarriers (Col-NLC-<i>GBil</i>-GTE) for an enhanced therapeutic efficacy against hepatic, colon or breast cancer. NLC considerably reduced cell viability; the most advanced cytotoxicity profile was determined on human colon adenocarcinoma cells (LoVo) and liver cancer cells (HepG2), e.g., tumor cell viability was 21.81% in the presence of Col-NLC-<i>GBil</i>-GTE, similar to that determined for Cisplatin. Col-NLC exhibited apoptosis in HepG2 and LoVo cells and no significant apoptosis induction in normal HUVECs. A 20% increase in apoptosis for HepG2 cells was registered for 100 μg/mL NLC-GBil-GTE compared to Cisplatin (Cis-Pt), e.g., a 63.4% total apoptosis for NLC-<i>GBil</i>-GTE versus a 52.6 apoptosis induced by 100 μg/mL of a chemotherapeutic drug. According to the cell cycle outcomes, an accumulation of hepatocyte HepG2 tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase was detected upon treatment with 100 mg/mL of NLC- and Col-NLC-<i>GBil</i>-GTE, simultaneously with a drastic decrease in the S phase, which may indicate a cell number reduction that enters in the division cycle. The simultaneous delivery of GBil and GTE by synchronizing their bioactivities offers several advantages; Col-NLC-<i>GBil</i>-GTE can be viewed as a noteworthy strategy for consideration in connection with antitumor therapeutic protocols.