A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, with significant implications for public health. Globally, obesity an invited disease is becoming a public health problem in the general population. Obesity is escalating at an alarming rate worldwide; affecting children and adults in both developed and developing countries. Obesity means excess deposition of fat in the body. It is caused by ingestion of greater amounts of food than can be used by the body for energy. Excessive fat accumulation in the body may impair health leading to a significant long-term health consequences including the development of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and osteoarthritis as well as increasing the risk of developing certain cancers and influencing their outcomes. Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Obesity is becoming a severe public health problem; its epidemiology is increasing rapidly, however it is preventable. The exposure factors vary across different geopolitics. Primarily, living in obesogenic environments such as sedentary life style, urbanization, and rural to urban migration, consuming energy-dense foods, and physical inactivity were determinants.