Current global trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with a steadily increasing global prevalence. Epidemiological trends in IBD exhibit significant regional variability, necessitating a detailed analysis of the factors influencing its dynamics. Objective. To assess current global trends in IBD incidence and prevalence, identify regional differences, and determine potential predictors of disease growth. Key points. Epidemiological data analysis revealed that IBD prevalence remains highest in North America and Europe, while the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America are experiencing a rapid increase in cases. Key contributors to the rising incidence of IBD include urbanization, dietary changes, improved diagnostic capabilities, and increased life expectancy among patients. In Western countries, incidence rates appear to be stabilizing, yet the overall prevalence continues to grow due to the increasing proportion of patients with chronic disease courses. Conclusion. The evolving epidemiology of IBD underscores the need for further research into regional risk factors. Establishing national IBD registries is a critical step toward improving disease surveillance, optimizing healthcare strategies, and developing effective approaches for treatment and prevention.