THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE ADAPTATION PHENOMENON

The article examines the essence and content of the adaptation process. The adaptation process is one of the most relevant topics for modern society. Adaptation is the process of living things adapting to changes in their environment. The concept of adaptation originated within the biological sciences. Adaptation is a two-way process and reflects not only the interaction between the organism and the environment, but also the change of the environment in accordance with human needs. The most important component of this process is the subject's relationship to himself, his claims, and his expectations with his abilities and the reality of the social environment. According to J. Piaget, the main mechanisms of adaptation are the processes of assimilation and accommodation. Researchers: F.Z. Meerson, V.G. Aseev, G. Selye, G.A. Ball, V.G. Berezin, V.A. Petrovsky put forward a number of interpretations regarding the concept of adaptation, which are discussed in more detail in the article. Various ideas have been put forward about the number of types of adaptation. The adaptation process is mainly physiological, social and psychological. Physiological adaptation is the process by which an organism changes its body functions to adapt to certain environmental conditions. Stress factors play a broader role in the emergence of non-specific types of adaptation. Canadian scientist Hans Selye called the body's nonspecific response to any intense impact stress. Social adaptation is the process of an individual or group adapting to the social environment. Social adaptation takes place in various forms in different social structures. Psychological adaptation is the process of an individual's adaptation to certain circumstances, environmental changes, and social situations. Psychological adaptation is carried out in various areas of human life and activities. Effective adaptation increases an individual's quality of life and strengthens their resilience to various environmental changes. Key words: Adaptation, personality, social adaptation, physiological adaptation, psychological adaptation.