Operationalizing Deterrence: NATO’s Return to Collective Defence under Strategic Strain

How is NATO translating its strategic realignment since the 2022 Madrid Summit into an effective military posture in its command structures, particularly at the operational level? Three factors seem to be particularly important: clear guidelines and a strategic vision, people who know how to implement change, and time. People are and remain the critical factor: Interpersonal trust becomes a decisive success factor for effective cooperation.