Comprehensive Analysis of Crack Propagation and Buckling Dynamics: Advancing Column Stability Insights via Finite Element Modeling

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cracks on the buckling behavior and load capacity of column structures using the finite element method (FEM). The primary objective is to investigate how crack locations and orientations affect the critical load capacity and deformation patterns of columns and to develop and validate advanced FEM techniques for accurate buckling analysis, which are crucial in engineering applications. Advanced FEM techniques and vibration‐based methods are employed to simulate the nonlinear buckling behavior of both cracked and uncracked columns under axial compressive loads. The detection of crack locations and orientations is facilitated through rigorous geometric modeling, ensuring accurate placement and characterization within the FEM simulations. Key findings indicate that cracks significantly reduce critical load capacities, with single‐cracked columns experiencing a 25% decrease and double‐cracked columns experiencing a reduction of approximately 40%. Stress–strain analyses reveal distinct patterns, with single‐cracked columns reaching peak stresses of about 1800 MPa at a 2 mm displacement, while double‐cracked columns exhibit a more stable stress distribution peaking at 2000 MPa and stabilizing around 1500 MPa after a 2 mm displacement. The study further explores the interplay between material properties and geometric factors, highlighting the complexities of modeling and predicting buckling behavior accurately. Validation against experimental data from the established literature demonstrates good agreement, affirming the reliability of the numerical approach. In conclusion, while the study utilizes established FEM techniques, it offers a robust mathematical framework for enhancing structural design practices. This framework supports engineers and designers in evaluating the structural integrity and safety of columns in practical applications, addressing critical challenges in infrastructure design and health monitoring.