Comparative Analysis of Clinical Efficacy of Different Glaucoma Treatment Regimens

To explore the treatment outcomes and related differences among different types of glaucoma. The research selected 45 primary open-angle glaucoma patients (Group A), 45 primary angle-closure glaucoma patients (Group B), and 46 secondary glaucoma patients (Group C) as subjects, and all these patients underwent trabeculectomy. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated based on five aspects: the degree of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, the rate of visual field loss progression, changes in optic nerve fiber layer thickness, the incidence of postoperative complications, and patient quality of life scores. Data were processed using statistical methods such as one-way ANOVA. Overall comparisons of IOP reduction, visual field loss progression rate, optic nerve fiber layer thickness changes, and postoperative complication incidence among the three groups showed P values all less than 0.001, which indicates significant statistical differences. Two-tailed comparisons within the groups revealed that Group B had a significantly higher degree of IOP reduction than Groups A and C, while Group C had a higher degree than Group A. Additionally, Group B showed a significantly faster rate of visual field loss progression and thinner optic nerve fiber layers compared to Groups A and C, with Group C having a faster progression rate than Group A. Group B also had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications than Groups A and C. Group C had a higher incidence than Group A. In terms of quality of life scores, comparisons of total NEI-VFQ scores, as well as scores in the visual function, psychological state, and social activity participation dimensions, among the three groups showed P values all less than 0.001; Group B had the lowest scores, and Group A had the highest. There are significant differences in treatment outcomes and quality of life among different types of glaucoma, with primary angle-closure glaucoma being more severe and having a poorer prognosis. Clinically, personalized treatment plans should be developed based on the characteristics of different types of glaucoma.