Optimalisasi Sistem Panel Surya dengan MPPT dan Protokol Modbus untuk Pengisian Baterai pada Sistem Pemanas Air di Kapal

Enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy on ships is crucial for reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, aiming to design and implement a solar panel optimization system for battery charging, with a focus on increasing power efficiency and providing real-time performance monitoring. The system is designed using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology to maximize the solar panel's power output. A 200Wp solar panel with dimensions of 1290 x 760 x 30 mm was utilized. Static testing results show that the deployed sensors possess a high degree of accuracy, with an average error of 0.71% for the temperature sensor and only 1.81% for the light sensor used to monitor environmental conditions. Dynamic and system integration tests prove that the MPPT implementation significantly increases power output efficiency by 30.83% compared to a system without MPPT. Furthermore, the system with MPPT charges the battery approximately 27% faster. Additionally, the developed Modbus protocol-based monitoring system enables comprehensive and remote monitoring of key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and light intensity via a cloud database. Data communication reliability tests confirmed the system's capability to transmit entire data packets to a Google Sheets database at a periodic interval of 15 seconds without failure. Based on these results, the developed solar panel optimization system is feasible for implementation in maritime environments to enhance the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and the operational reliability of onboard systems.