Натуралистические культурноцивилизационные модели организации общества (антропоцентрическая методологическая перспектива)

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the ways of organizing human communities in anthropocentric and functional-pragmatic methodological perspectives. The key concept in such a study is the cultural-civilizational model, understood as a set of axiological mechanisms of values and principles of organization of life together. The author presents a deductive typology of possible cultural-civilizational models based on causal, essential and dynamic criteria, identifying 8 basic models: tribalism, turanism, corporatism, etatism, theocracy, ideocracy, consumptionism and civil model. The author illustrates the presented typology on the example of the most archaic group of cultural-civilizational models – naturalistic, defined as both realistic (by the essence criterion) and group (by the causality criterion). The group includes two models that differ in the degree of dynamism and the nature of organization – tribalism (a static model based on self-organization) and turanism (a dynamic model of the chiefdom type). The article presents a short comparative characterization of both models. Both presented models are not only basic for the majority of communities in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania, but also significantly influence the organization of almost all cultural and civilizational social systems of so-called developed countries.