Analysis of Vibration Causes During the Restoration of Screw Surfaces on CNC Machines

Vibrations in CNC machines are a critical factor affecting machining accuracy and the service life of equipment. During the restoration of screw surfaces of drive shafts, which are responsible for the precision movement of actuators, vibration analysis becomes especially important. Uncontrolled oscillations lead to accelerated wear of components, reduced part quality, and increased equipment downtime. This article examines the causes and nature of vibrations that occur during the restoration of screw surfaces on computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It is shown that after welding and subsequent machining, the restored screw pairs are subject to intensified vibrations, which reduces positioning accuracy, durability, and machining quality. An analysis of the sources of forced, self-excited, and acoustic vibrations is carried out, along with their relationship to technological and design parameters. Special attention is given to the influence of material mismatches, screw pitch deviations, and design defects. The need for a comprehensive approach to vibration control and the improvement of screw restoration methods is substantiated, including material selection and control of thread geometry. The results obtained can be used to improve the accuracy of restoration and extend the service life of screw pairs in CNC systems