APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGYOF BIO-EXCHANGE CARBON MATERIALSFOR LARYNGEAL IMPLANTS:A LITERATURE REVIEW

Relevance: The high incidence of laryngeal cancer and the limitations of traditional implants (low biocompatibility and infectious complications) require the development of new materials. Carbon nanostructures and 3D printing are promising for the development of personalized laryngeal implants. The study aimed to assess the potential of using carbon nanostructures, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, in 3D-printed laryngeal implants to promote cartilage regeneration and restore laryngeal function by enhancing their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and anti-bacterial activity. Methods: A literature search for the years 2015-2025 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the keywords “carbon nanostructures,” “3D printing,” and “laryngeal implants.” A total of 50 references were included in the systematic analysis. Results: Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene enhance the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and antibacterial properties of 3D-printed scaffolds, supporting cartilage regeneration and laryngeal functions (breathing, swallowing, and speech). Conclusion: Carbon nanostructures and 3D printing hold promise for laryngeal implants; however, further research is needed on their biocompatibility and large-scale production