Impact of the therapeutic exercise in people with multiple myeloma on biomarkers of physical, psychological, and biological health status

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B-cell cancer characterized by periods of relapse and treatment-related toxicity, which often deteriorates patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQL). Exercise, as a non-pharmacological adjuvant therapy, may help mitigate these effects. This systematic review aimed to offer updated, evidence-based guidance on the effect of exercise in people with MM. Controlled trials or pre-post intervention studies published up to 30 May 2025 were identified through SciELO, Cochrane and PubMed. The review, registered in PRSPERO (CRD42023458213), followed PRISMA guidelines. Of 137 articles screened, eight met inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies reported beneficial effects of exercise on physical and mental health, HRQL, sleep disorders, and anthropometric measurements, though trends tended not to reach statistical significance. No severe adverse effects were reported. Exercise appears feasible and safe for people with MM, offering potential improvements in fatigue, HOQL, and mental well-being, likely linked to enhanced physical capacity. Despite promising findings, further research is needed to confirm the role of exercise in MM management. The implementation of therapeutic exercise programs, combining aerobic and strength training, may improve the maintenance of physical capacity and subsequent health outcomes MM’s people.