Impact of Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) and Integrated Shading on Daylighting Performance for Visual Comfort in Nigerian Hotel Rooms

This study examines the impact of the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) and integrated shading on the daylight performance and visual comfort of hotel rooms in Abuja, Nigeria, a tropical climate. The study employed a case study-based experimental design, utilizing simulation with Design Builder software. It employs two key metrics, Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE), to analyse the performance trade-off between maximising natural light and mitigating glare and overheating. Findings indicate that as WWR increases, UDI improves, but ASE also rises, compromising visual comfort. A WWR between 40% and 60% with integrated shading is identified as the optimal range, striking a balance between sufficient daylight and manageable glare. The study demonstrates that while high WWRs enhance views, they are detrimental to occupant comfort without effective shading strategies, highlighting the critical role of façade design in sustainable building performance.