Utilizing Recycled PET and Mining Waste to Produce Non-Traditional Bricks for Sustainable Construction

Plastic waste, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses a growing environmental challenge. This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating recycled PET into clay bricks as a sustainable alternative in construction. Bricks were fabricated with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% PET content. Clay characterization included particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, and moisture content. Physical and mechanical tests evaluated dimensional variability, void percentage, warping, water absorption, suction, unit compressive strength (fb′), and prism compressive strength (fm′). Statistical analysis (Shapiro–Wilk, p < 0.05) validated the results. PET addition improved physical properties—reducing water absorption, suction, and voids—while slightly compromising mechanical strength. The 15% PET mix showed the best overall performance (fb′ = 24.00 kg/cm2; fm′ = 20.40 kg/cm2), with uniform deformation and lower absorption (18.7%). Recycled PET enhances key physical attributes of clay bricks, supporting its use in eco-friendly construction. However, reduced compressive strength limits its structural applications. Optimizing PET particle size, clay type, and firing conditions is essential to improve load-bearing capacity. Current formulations are promising for non-structural uses, contributing to circular material strategies.