“At first, it was difficult, but over time I accepted it”: a qualitative study on coping skills of Iraqi women with breast cancer

Background: Breast cancer poses major challenges for women, with coping influenced by personal, cultural, and emotional factors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges faced by breast cancer women and the coping skills of breast cancer women in Iraq in gaining a good quality of life during their cancer journey. Patients and methods: This qualitative study was conducted at the Medical City Teaching Oncology Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Using the in-depth interview methods, this qualitative study, following phenomenological analysis, was conducted on eighteen breast cancer women. These participants were selected through purposive sampling. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using NVivo software. Results: The findings revealed six main themes in the experiences of women with breast cancer. These included network support from husbands, family, friends, medical teams, and financial sources; self-distraction through social connections and activities; and acceptance, reflected in personal growth, humor, and increased self-confidence. Surrendering to God emerged through strong faith and spiritual growth. Seeking information played a key role in decision-making and gaining a sense of control. Finally, cultural beliefs and social stigma significantly influenced how women perceived and coped with their illness. Conclusions: The study reveals that coping with breast cancer among Iraqi women is shaped by emotional, social, spiritual, and cultural factors, with positive strategies like social support, religion, and education enhancing psychological well-being and quality of life.