Eosinophilic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Eosinophilic esophagitis, gastritis, enteritis and colitis in children (review)

Relevance. The increasing incidence of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases among the pediatric population entails the need to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of this pathology in order to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of this group of diseases. Materials and methods. In the search engines PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, RusMed, eLibrary.ru A search was conducted for scientific papers by keywords: eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases, eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic enteritis, eosinophilic colitis, eosinophilic infiltration, children, adolescents. The search depth was 12 years (2012–2024). The source search algorithm followed the principles of PRISMA. 515 foreign and domestic publications have been identified. The analysis includes 36 papers. Results. Currently, eosinophilic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract attract the close attention of scientists, which is associated with a significant increase in this pathology. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are a group of chronic immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and pathological eosinophilic infiltration in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia with a depth of organ damage from the mucous membrane to the muscular and serous layer, which leads to severe violations of their structure and function. This group includes eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilic colitis. The presented review analyzes the results of modern scientific research on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in children. Diagnostic criteria are given. Modern approaches to the treatment of these diseases are considered. Most scientific publications are devoted to eosinophilic esophagitis, in the diagnosis and treatment of which a certain consensus has been reached. The management of children with eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilic colitis is particularly difficult, which determines the need for further study of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Conclusion: the number of scientific papers that have increased in recent years expands knowledge about eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in children, but it is worth striving to reach consensus on eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic enteritis and eosinophilic colitis.