Exploring the role of halloysite nanotubes in improving carbon fiber reinforced composite performance across diverse temperatures

Abstract The impact of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) as nanofillers on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is the main focus of this investigation. This work examines the effects of adding 1 weight percent Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) to carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites on their mechanical and thermal performance at different temperatures. Tensile and flexural tests were performed at four different temperatures, 30°C, 50 °C, 70 °C, and 90 °C, to determine the effect of HNT reinforcement. The experimental results indicated an 10%–20% increase in mechanical strength and a 10%–12% rise in thermal stability relative to standard CFRP composites. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) showed notable improvements in the temperature at which glass transitions occur, the ability to manage loads, and the damping ratio, resulting in reduced strain and postponed failure of structures. In addition, including HNTs offered similar thermal and mechanical advantages as graphene while being a more economical option. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized to analyze the microstructural features, the distribution of nanotubes, and the failure modes identified during tensile and flexural testing. The results show that HNTs can be a practical and affordable substitute for conventional nanofillers such as graphene, backing their application in high temperatures in aerospace, automotive, and engineering industries.