Waltz: Temperature-Aware Cooperative Compression for High-Performance Compression-Based CSDs

Data compression is widely adopted for modern solid-state drives (SSDs) to mitigate SSD lifetime issues. Researchers have proposed compression schemes at different system layers, including device-side solutions like CCSDs ( c ompression-based c omputational S SD s) and compression supported by host-side, like F2FS (flash-friendly file system). As storage performance increases, the surging power density makes thermal management a critical challenge. We conduct quantitative studies to understand how host-side and device-side compression schemes affect the temperature and performance of SSD-based storage systems. From our experiments, device-side compression, facilitated by a hardware compression engine, can raise the temperature of CCSDs to intolerable levels, resulting in throttling and service shutdown. In contrast, host-side compression causes software-stack overhead, which often results in large performance degradation and resource consumption. To ensure efficient data compression with high performance and better temperature control, we propose Waltz, a temperature-aware cooperative compression method that schedules (de)compression tasks at the host and device sides by monitoring device temperature. Furthermore, we introduce two variants (Waltzs and Waltzp) for space and performance optimization, respectively. Waltz is implemented within F2FS, achieving high performance while extending SSD lifetime and preventing overheating-induced in-flight shutdowns.