The seven-dimensional universe

This theory presents a unified cosmological and gravitational framework based on a seven-dimensional universe, where space-time is modeled as a four-dimensional elastic grid underpinned by hidden three-dimensional Planck volumes carrying Planck charge. The accelerated expansion of the universe is caused by electrostatic repulsion between these Planck charges, eliminating the need for a cosmological constant or gravitating dark energy. Matter expands along with space, preserving the proper length and volume, whereas photons redshift naturally when propagating between regions of differing stretches. This mechanism produces intrinsic cosmological and gravitational time dilation, linking redshift, potential energy, and time dilation to a single cause. The model predicts a “Big Repulsion” rather than a Big Bang, with a finite cosmic age of 34.2 billion years. The variable local values of G, h, ε0, and k are compensated by changes in the rest mass, maintaining the local invariance of the physical laws and suggesting an absolute inertial frame. A relativistic Newtonian vector theory of gravity is developed, yielding Maxwell-like GEM and Poisson equations that reproduce results typically ascribed to general relativity, including Schwarzschild radius, gravitational lensing, perihelion precession, ISCO, IBCO, and Shapiro delay, while removing singularities by terminating space-time at black hole event horizons. The framework also derives a MONDian regime that emerges only around black holes, providing a natural explanation for the dynamics of galaxy clusters without the need for dark matter. This theory provides an analytic distance-redshift relation without any free parameters, which reproduces Type Ia supernova observations and BAO distances.