Strategies for Enhancing the Yield of Mevalonate in Microbial Strains

Mevalonate (MVA), a pivotal precursor in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, exhibits substantial application value in fields such as food, medicine, and materials, with both MVA itself and its derivatives demonstrating significant biological activity and application value. This review systematically summarizes the advancements in MVA biosynthesis, with a particular focus on metabolic engineering strategies employed in microorganisms including yeast, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Methylobacterium extorquens. These strategies encompass optimizing the expression of key enzymes, enhancing the supply of precursors like acetyl-CoA, blocking competitive metabolic pathways, and constructing dynamic regulatory systems. Through the metabolic engineering strategies and optimization of fermentation conditions, the MVA yields of various engineered strains have been significantly improved. Prospects of microbial MVA production are also considered.