Design of Multi-Wear Breath Paced Jewellery for Real-Time Anxiety Regulation via Companion App

Anxiety has become one of the most widespread mental health issues among young adults, affecting daily productivity, concentration, and social interactions. While many mobile applications and wearable devices have been introduced to manage anxiety, most are limited by bulky form factors, conspicuous designs, and dependence on smartphones—factors that increase stigma and reduce real-world use. This creates a gap for solutions that are discreet, aesthetic, and seamlessly integrated into daily life without drawing attention or stigma. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach combining literature review, product analysis, and user-centred research. A total of 90 survey responses and 12 in-person interviews were collected to understand user expectations, contexts of anxiety triggers, and limitations of existing solutions. Based on these insights, prototypes were developed in the form of jewellery-inspired wearables (a bracelet and a pendant) and a minimalist mobile app. The prototypes included 3D-printed models for aesthetics, ESP32-based proof-of-concept heart-rate and SpO₂ sensing modules, and an app with guided breathing exercises, mood tracking, vital statistics, podcasts, and optional therapy integration. User testing was conducted in two phases: six participants evaluated aesthetics, ergonomics, and app flow, while three participants tested real-time stress responses under simulated triggers with pre- and post-intervention vital checks. Results indicated that participants appreciated the discreet jewellery-like design, reporting comfort and confidence in wearing the prototypes in public (aligning with prior evidence on discreet/calm wearables . The guided breathing exercises effectively reduced stress, with most users showing lowered anxiety levels and improved awareness of their vitals, consistent with paced breathing. The feedback also highlighted areas for refinement, such as personalisation of cues and shorter “reset” sessions. These suggestions echo retention and UX findings in app reviews. Overall, the study suggests that combining aesthetics with subtle biofeedback can make wearable anxiety-management tools more acceptable and effective. This paves the way for further development and large-scale validation.