The Role of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases- A Review

The regulation of human physiology is greatly influenced by interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Gut dysbiosis, or harmful changes to the gut microbiota, has been associated with the onset and progression of several illnesses, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the entire world, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death. The regulation of the host's metabolism and energy-harvesting mechanism is largely dependent on the gut bacteria. Changes in the gut microbiota derived metabolites and variations in the microbial flora have been demonstrated to significantly correlate with a number of CVD risk factors. Below is a detailed discussion of the function of gut microbial dysbiosis in dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), even myocardial infarction, and related treatment implications. However, there are even more, such as dietary changes, probiotics, and prebiotics, which may one day be utilised to process the microbial population and change its functional output for the benefit of the host. With a focus on the intricate interactions between microbiota, their metabolites, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), this review will cover the roles of gut microbiota in healthy physiology, their associations with disease settings, and the possibility of modulating gut microbiota as novel therapeutic targets.