A Model of How LGBTQ+ Youth Suicide Attempts Occur: Empirically Linking LGBTQ+ Specific vs. Non-Specific Factors

This research delves into the processes and personal meanings behind suicide attempts among LGBTQ+ youth in Switzerland, aiming to distinguish between LGBTQ+-specific and general factors. Conducted between 2021 and 2024, the study involved interviews with LGBTQ+ individuals aged 14-28 who had attempted suicide, as well as with people from their social environment (family members, friends, etc.) if possible, using Grounded Theory Methodology. The participant pool consisted of 41 individuals: 7 bisexual/lesbian cis women, 4 bisexual/gay cis men, 15 trans/non-binary individuals, 3 heterosexual cis people; and 12 from their social environment. The results indicated that sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) influenced the suicidal processes in different ways. For some participants, SOGI was a central factor, with significant issues such as lack of acceptance and obstacles to gender-affirming care being prominent. For others, suicidality was primarily linked to non-SOGI factors such as unsafe family environments or sexualized violence, with SOGI-related issues intensifying these situations. Additionally, a mixed type was identified where both SOGI and non-SOGI factors were both equally influential. The study underscores the need for customized health promotion, suicide prevention, and early intervention strategies that address the varied types of suicidal processes among LGBTQ+ youth.