RNF114, a RING E3 ligase that reads and extends the hybrid ADP-ribose-ubiquitin signal

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) expand protein function and serve as key regulators of virtually all cellular processes. Several recent studies show that the E3 ligase RNF114 recognises a hybrid ADP-ribose-ubiquitin modification on substrate proteins and uses it as a platform to assemble Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains, placing RNF114 at the crossroads of DNA repair processes that help cells safeguard their genome and respond to stress.