Integrating IoT in Public Transport Logistics: A Systematic Review of Fleet Management and Safety in Zimbabwe’s Supply Chain

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into public transport systems has significantly improved fleet safety and operational efficiency across various global contexts. However, in Zimbabwe, the deployment of IoT in public passenger transport logistics remains nascent, despite the country’s urgent need to address persistent road safety challenges. This systematic literature review investigates the role of IoT-enabled smart fleet management in enhancing road safety, drawing insights from international case studies in India, Brazil, and South Africa. Anchored in Systems Theory and Technological Innovation Theory, the study synthesises peer-reviewed and grey literature to examine key technologies, such as GPS tracking, driver behaviour telematics, and predictive maintenance, and evaluates Zimbabwe’s infrastructural and institutional readiness for adoption. The findings reveal critical barriers, including inadequate ICT infrastructure, high implementation costs, and weak regulatory frameworks. Despite these constraints, the study identifies considerable opportunities for improving transport safety through targeted IoT interventions. Based on thematic synthesis, the paper proposes a conceptual model for IoT-driven fleet safety management tailored to Zimbabwe’s public transport logistics sector. The model offers a strategic roadmap for policy makers, logistics planners, and technology providers seeking to modernise transport systems in emerging economies.