Psychometric Validation of the Persian Version of the Experiential Avoidance Rating Scale (EARS) and Its Application in Assessing Psychological Inflexibility in Persian-Speaking Populations

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Experiential Avoidance Rating Scale (EARS) to provide a reliable measure of experiential avoidance for Persian-speaking populations. A cross-sectional design was employed with 700 university students from Tehran (M = 27.71 years, SD = 9.35; 77.9% female). The EARS was translated via a forward-backward method to ensure cultural and conceptual equivalence. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor model with an excellent fit (χ²(9) = 41.81, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.072). The scale showed good internal consistency (α = 0.81). Concurrent validity was supported by significant correlations with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (r = 0.60) and the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (r = 0.40). A weaker correlation was found with the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory's Experiential Avoidance subscale (r = 0.14), which may reflect differences in construct focus and format. Convergent validity was evidenced by correlations with PTSD symptoms and negative affect, whereas divergent validity was confirmed by a nonsignificant relationship with traditional masculinity norms. One item showed a notably low factor loading (β = 0.26). This finding may reflect cultural nuances in item interpretation. Despite this, the item was retained to preserve consistency with the original EARS. These findings indicate that the Persian EARS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing experiential avoidance. It has potential utility in research and clinical settings, such as monitoring patient progress in ACT-based interventions.