Diseño de un sistema de capacitación para la prevención de riesgos laborales en el sector de la construcción para microempresas de Ecuador

The objective of this study was to design a training system for occupational risk prevention in micro-enterprises in the construction sector in Ecuador. The research was conducted using a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative techniques, based on interviews, surveys, and direct observation applied in ten micro-enterprises in the city of Quevedo. The results revealed the significant presence of chemical, biological, and mechanical risks, as well as a limited preventive culture and poor technical training in occupational safety. A significant negative correlation was identified between the level of training and the perception of risks (r = -0.783), which shows that training contributes to reducing exposure to occupational hazards. Based on the diagnosis, a training plan was designed, structured in four modules, which address basic regulations, risk identification, the proper use of PPE, and the reporting of unsafe conditions. The proposal seeks to strengthen the culture of prevention, reduce accidents, and ensure regulatory compliance in highly vulnerable work environments. The study provides a replicable and contextualized tool that responds to an urgent need in the sector.