Immunologically active pharmaconutrients in treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections

According to the data of the World Health Organization, acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) account for up to 90% of all infectious diseases. The ARVI prevalence rate makes the search for new prevention and treatment methods relevant. The COVID-19 outbreak encouraged extensive study of the impact of nutritional status on the immunity and infection course. In particular, mineral (zinc, selenium) deficiency and vitamin A and D deficiency are considered as a factor capable of impairing body’s defense against infection. There is increased interest in the use of vitamin and mineral supplementation for prevention and treatment of respiratory infections. The paper considers micronutrient involvement in immune defense, inflammation control, antioxidant system. The data of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the studies of efficacy of the use of micronutrients for prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and post-COVID syndrome have been collected. The analysis of systematic reviews aimed to determine nutrigenetic factors capable of affecting susceptibility to micronutrient deficiency has been conducted.