Interplay of population mobility, healthcare resources, and spatiotemporal clustering: epidemiology and prevention strategies for HIV among blood donors in Zhejiang, China

Centralized testing and cross-regional deferral strategies have significantly reduced HIV positivity among Zhejiang's donors. Persistent challenges include window-period transmission, low-viremia infections under antiretroviral therapy. Further reduction of residual transfusion risks requires integrated epidemiological surveillance, high-risk population interventions, and optimized healthcare resource allocation.