Orbit Foreign Bodies in Modern Orbital Combat Trauma

Modern armed conflicts are accompanied by a large number of shrapnel wounds. The consequence of this was an increase in the incidence of combat trauma, including orbital and with foreign bodies of the orbit. The purpose of the research was to study the features of modern combat trauma with foreign bodies of the orbit. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis of the medical documentation of a large sample of patients treated at the V.V. Volkov Ophthalmology Clinic in the period from 2022 to 2023 for combat trauma with foreign bodies of the orbit. The material is presented as relative (in %) data. The following results were obtained: In combat trauma with foreign bodies of the orbit, in 54.4 % of cases, there is a combination of damage to the orbit (orbit and structures of the orbital organocomplex) with anatomical structures of adjacent areas (neurosurgical, otorhinolaryngological and maxillofacial). At the same time, combined neurosurgical injuries occurred in 54.3 % of cases. The combination of two or more profiles accounted for 35.1 % of the observations. Simultaneous damage to several bone walls of the orbit was recorded in 60.7 % of cases. Among foreign bodies of the orbit, the following prevailed: single — 50.6 %, medium (1–1.5 cm) size — 40.5 % and irregular geometric shape — 83.3 %. When evaluating the ferromagnetic properties of the removed foreign bodies of the orbit, it was found that in 51.2 % of cases they were magnetic. Surgical treatment to remove foreign bodies of the orbit was considered appropriate and performed in 58.1 % of cases. In 87.7 % of them, the goal of the operation was achieved. Сombat trauma with foreign bodies of the orbit is accompanied by open and closed eye injury in 71.2 % and 28.8 % of cases, respectively.