The Relationship Between Cyclotorsion and Binocular Functions After Vision Correction with LASIK and SMILE: A Literature Review

Refractive surgeries have transformed vision correction, yet their effects on ocular dynamics — particularly cyclotorsion and binocular functions — require thorough examination. This review analyzes current evidence from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate regarding the interaction between these factors following LASIK and SMILE procedures. Compensation of cyclotorsion is critical for optimal visual outcomes after LASIK and SMILE refractive surgeries. Promising solutions may include developments that include elliptical flap designs in LASIK (e.g. EAGLE Vision), improved cyclotorsion registration algorithms, and integration of artificial intelligence for real-time cyclotorsion compensation. While advanced LASIK tracking systems offer superior control of torsional movements, the valveless SMILE approach provides better preservation of corneal biomechanics and reduction of dry eye syndrome manifestations — key factors in the restoration of binocular functions.