Metabolic Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer: The Impact of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with the metabolism of fatty acids being crucial for its development and progression. Altered fatty acid metabolism is a well-established metabolic characteristic of malignant tumors, including CRC. A complex and reciprocal relationship exists between fatty acid metabolism and CRC. On one side, the emergence and advancement of CRC can trigger a reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism. To fulfill the requirements of rapid cell division and survival, cancer cells increase both the synthesis and uptake of fatty acids while also suppressing their oxidation. Conversely, modifications in fatty acid metabolism can affect CRC, as abnormal fatty acid byproducts may activate signaling pathways that foster tumor cell proliferation, thus enhancing tumor progression. Understanding the interplay between fatty acid metabolism and the early stages and advancement of CRC, in conjunction with its relationship with the tumor microenvironment, is a vital area for future investigation. This article reviews the most recent discoveries concerning the impact of fatty acid metabolism on CRC progression, with the objective of supplying a solid theoretical framework and innovative perspectives for additional research and treatment of this condition.