A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Droughts in Greece (1960–2022): Severity, Duration and Frequency Based on the SPI and SPEI

This study focuses on Greece, providing a comprehensive climatological analysis of drought conditions from 1960 to 2022. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were employed on a 1-month timescale to assess meteorological drying conditions over the study period. The Drought Occurrence Probability (DOP), Total Drought Duration (TDD) and drought severity were analyzed spatially, while temporal trends were examined using rolling time windows and the Mann–Kendall test. The findings reveal regional differences in drought characteristics and indicate more intense drought conditions under the SPEI compared to the SPI, underscoring the increasing role of temperature in drought intensification.