Nutritional quality and heavy metal in invasive stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva) from natural waters and aquaculture ponds

One of the most invasive freshwater fish in Europe is the stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), but its potential for food use remains largely unexplored. Fish were collected from ponds (Raszyn, Stare Kurowo) and a natural river (Wardynka). The study measured fish weight and length, calculated the Fulton coefficient, determined the chemical composition of the meat, energy value plus yield. Heavy metal content was determined after HNO₃ digestion using GFAAS method. Health risk was assessed using EDI, THQ, HI, CR. The data were statistically analyzed. No differences in length were found. Individuals from Stare Kurowo and Wardynka had significantly higher body weights than those from Raszyn. Wardynka fish had the highest water content (74.83%), the lowest dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All samples contained low concentrations of heavy metals, with the lowest levels in Wardynka and the highest in Raszyn. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.28% to 3.03% of the reference dose, remaining under 1% in most cases. Nutrient levels matched typical European freshwater fish. Differences among sites likely stemmed from food availability and competition. The low metal content and favourable meat quality indicate potential for food production, helping control this invasive species and protect native fish.