Genetic diversity of Tomistoma schlegelii in Malaysia using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers

The rising incidence of human-crocodile conflict involving the endangered Sunda gharial, Tomistoma schlegelii, has led to a growing number of wild-caught individuals being placed in conservation centres and zoos. But the genetic diversity and coancestry of the captive individuals is unknown which could result in an increased inbreeding or outbreeding, defeating the purpose of ex situ conservation efforts. Therefore, this study analysed the genetic diversity, population structure and identification of important clusters for future breeding programs. Blood samples from 38 individuals were analysed using 14 species-specific microsatellite loci and the partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of ND6-tRNA_Glu-cyt b region and control region. The STRUCTURE results revealed six clusters displaying low nuclear gene diversity, with mtDNA diversity noted in only one cluster. Two important clusters were identified to facilitate future breeding programs of this species.