Canal de Castilla in the 21st Century: Challenges for Sustainable Development

The Canal de Castilla, one of Spain’s most remarkable hydraulic heritage landmarks, has shifted from its original role as a transportation infrastructure to a multifunctional resource linked to water management, agriculture, cultural preservation, and sustainable tourism. This paper addresses the current challenges and development opportunities associated with its conservation and territorial reintegration, presenting a methodological framework that combines engineering approaches, digital tools, thematic mapping, and participatory planning. Survey results from 120 residents in the municipality of Alar del Rey reveal a strong acknowledgment of the canal’s cultural significance, broad support for participatory governance, and a clear prioritization of heritage preservation alongside sustainable tourism initiatives. Furthermore, preferences for preventive maintenance and renewable energy integration highlight a growing societal awareness of sustainability. Beyond these aspects, the study emphasizes the educational potential of the canal, positioning it as a living laboratory for teaching in engineering, architecture, and environmental studies. In this way, the research not only supports the physical rehabilitation and functional revitalization of the Canal de Castilla in the 21st century but also contributes to educational innovation by promoting active methodologies and project-based learning in higher education.