Effects of a Taekwondo-Specific High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol on the Biomarkers of Cardiovascular and Biochemical Recovery in Collegiate Athletes

Taekwondo is a combat sport that requires a specific skillset and high physical fitness. In 2022, the rules of taekwondo competitions rules were revised to increase match intensity. In this study, we developed and validated a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol for taekwondo athletes and compared the outcomes of this protocol with those of regular training (control). A total of 12 athletes were randomly assigned to either an HIIT group or a control group. Body mass index, heart rate (HR), lactic acid level, and creatine kinase level were measured both before and after relevant intervention. Our HIIT protocol consisted of two phases. The first phase (weeks 1 and 2) involved six rounds of four kicking techniques (roundhouse, back, axe, and spinning kicks), each performed for 21 s with 12-s rest (work [exercise]-to-rest ratio: 1.75:1). The second phase (weeks 3 and 4) involved eight rounds of the same kicking techniques, each performed for 24 s with 8-s rest (work-to-rest ratio: 3:1). The participants rested for 1 min between two rounds. The kicks were performed at 85% and 90% of the maximum HR. Significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) between-group differences were observed in HR at work, HR at rest, lactic acid level, and creatine kinase level. Overall, this study indicates that implementing a sport-specific HIIT protocol can enhance the recovery of HR and lactic acid and creatine kinase levels in taekwondo athletes.