Media Narratives of Human-Wildlife Conflict: Iberian Orcas and Boats in the Spanish Press

The killer whale (Orcinus orca) is a crucial predator in marine ecosystems, affecting prey populations and overall ecosystem health. Since May 2020, Iberian killer whales in the Strait of Gibraltar have interacted unusually with pleasure boats, posing significant maritime safety challenges. Recognized as critically endangered by the IUCN, a conservation plan for these whales has been approved in Spain. This study analyzes media coverage of these interactions, as media can shape public opinion and influence policies regarding human–wildlife conflicts. A total of 107 news articles published between June 2022 and September 2024 in Spanish media were examined, focusing on the interactions between Iberian killer whales and boats. The research included six variables from prior studies to enhance understanding of media representation and its effects on conservation management. Findings suggest that media coverage often limits comprehension of orca behavior and their vulnerable status.