Bridging the Gap Between SDG 2 Indicators and Agricultural Efficiency: Insights from OECD Countries

This study examines the relationship between SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) outcomes and agricultural input efficiency in OECD countries using an input-oriented DEA model. Analyzing key agricultural inputs—such as area harvested, employment, pesticide, fertilizer, energy, and water use—reveals discrepancies between SDG 2 scores, which emphasize social indicators, and efficiency scores based on resource utilization. Results show that countries with high SDG 2 scores may still exhibit inefficiencies, while others achieve efficient practices with lower SDG 2 scores. The findings highlight the limitations of current SDG 2 indicators in reflecting sustainable resource management. Incorporating efficiency metrics into SDG 2 could enhance its alignment with sustainability objectives, promoting resource conservation and food security. This study also underscores SDG 2’s connections with other goals, advocating for a holistic approach to measuring progress.