Saudi Arabia’s Circular Carbon Economy (cce) model and international climate commitments: a legal analysis

This article evaluates the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) model presented by Saudi Arabia from the perspective of international climate law.Although this model, based on the 4R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover), appears to be in line with the commitments refl ected in Articles 4.2 and 13 of the Paris Agreement, it is fundamentally at odds with the spirit of "increasing ambition" and "real emission reduction" of the Paris Agreement and the fi ght against global climate change in general.The article states that the technologies being implemented (especially CCUS and similar approaches) cannot replace the state's obligation to actually reduce emissions.From this perspective, the CCE model can be viewed as a mechanism that, rather than the formal implementation of legal obligations, relegates their essence to the background and aims to extend the carbon age.