INCREASING WATER SUPPLY OF IRRIGATED LANDS WITH THE USE OF VERTICAL DRAINAGE IN SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

The article is devoted to the issues of increasing water availability and land reclamation improvement of irrigated lands in Southern Kazakhstan through the use of vertical drainage. The effectiveness of applying the work regime in conditions of limited water resources and soil salinization is being considered. The article analyzes the main problems associated with the operation of vertical drainage systems, including the high mineralization of drainage waters and their negative impact on crops. Special attention is paid to methods of improving the quality of drainage water. The scientific novelty of the work is to substantiate the ecological and reclamation modes of vertical drainage, which ensure optimal water flow rates in the root layer, contribute to the formation of effective soil salt recovery parameters, and maintain favorable groundwater levels. As a result, a high intensity of groundwater flow into the aeration zone is achieved, a reduction in irrigation standards, optimization of filtration characteristics, as well as the establishment of balanced moisture and salt exchange processes between the aeration zone and groundwater. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are proposed for optimizing the operation of vertical drainage during the reclamation and operational periods to improve the environmental situation and increase yields in irrigated areas of the Makhtaaral district. The results can be successfully applied in the irrigated territories of the Aral-Syrdarya water basin of the Republic of Kazakhstan.