Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: A Diverse Demyelinating Entity in Pediatric Patients

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder characterized by antibodies targeting the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a protein of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Increasingly recognized as a distinct clinical entity, MOGAD requires tailored treatment strategies and careful long-term monitoring, rather than being considered a variant of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. While acute episodes respond well to immunotherapy, relapses are common and require long-term management. Progress in immune-based and remyelination therapies offers hope for improving outcomes.