Artificial Intelligence and Social Ethics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Boundaries Ethical Reflections in the Age of Technological Waves

Currently, artificial intelligence technology is integrating into various sectors of society at an unprecedented pace, profoundly transforming modes of production, daily life, and decision-making. However, the complex ethical challenges it poses are becoming increasingly prominent, necessitating systematic research. This paper focuses on the core social ethical dilemmas arising from the widespread application of AI technology and corresponding strategies to address them. Using a multidisciplinary literature analysis approach, it examines existing ethical frameworks, which primarily include the erosion of personal privacy and autonomy due to large-scale algorithmic surveillance, threats to fairness posed by algorithmic discrimination and bias, drastic changes in employment structures and issues of social equity triggered by AI replacing human labor, as well as problems such as ambiguous accountability and lack of transparency resulting from automated decision-making. In the final section, the paper proposes a comprehensive global governance framework that integrates technological governance, legal regulation, multi-stakeholder participation, and public ethics education. This framework aims to guide AI technology toward a more responsible, equitable, and human-centered development, ensuring the harmonious advancement of technological progress and social well-being.