Improve WSN Lifetime Based on K-Means, Genetic Clusters, and Data Compression

Environmental monitoring and industrial process automation are dependent on wireless sensor networks (WSNs).The limited power supply of WSNs' sensor nodes makes energy efficiency difficult.The key goals are selecting cluster heads (CH), distributing nodes, transmitting data, and compressing data.Genetic algorithms improve CH selection.This method incorporates residual energy, base station (BS) distance, and communication overhead.Network lifetime and energy efficiency are maximised by the selection of genetic algorithms.The sensor nodes are distributed using K-means clustering to share load and energy consumption among clusters in a balanced way.Our study's multi-hop data transmission mechanism sends compressed data packets to the base station.Multi-hop communication reduces sensor device energy use.Intermediary nodes for data forwarding significantly reduce network energy usage.To save energy, we suggest implementing a compressed data packet transmission technique.Compression methods minimize data packet size while keeping data precision, improving sensor network energy efficiency.This sustains the network's longevity.Our proposed method has been extensively simulated for energy usage, network longevity, and data delivery ratio.The results show 100% optimization over LEACH, LEACH-C, FIGWO, PSO, ABC-SD, CGTABC2 & ACO, ED-LEACH, I-LEACH, CBDAS, GHND, R-LEACH, MH-LEACH, D-LEACH, 98% for ADMH-LEACH.In the 1657 round, the proposed MOCDA-LEACH protocol reduced energy consumption by 18% compared to LEACH.Although the specific PDR values are not shown graphically, the improvements in the package delivery ratio were achieved through data compression, multi-hop communication, and the optimized CH elections using GA.These improvements led to significantly lower energy consumption and a useful life of the network extended by more than 82%, demonstrating the suitability of the WSN applications limited by energy.This study optimizes sensor efficiency in wireless networks by conserving energy in the LEACH protocol.It helps design resilient and efficient WSNs, enabling sensor-driven applications in energy-constrained environments.