A Comprehensive Review Of Iron Intake Among Young And Pregnant Women In The Uttarakhand Region

Background: Iron is a critical micronutrient for oxygen transport, metabolism, and immune function. Women, especially during adolescence and pregnancy, have increased iron needs. Despite national health programs, NFHS and CNNS data reveal persistently high anemia prevalence. In Uttarakhand, low-iron diets, vegetarian practices, cultural food habits, poor healthcare access, and socio-economic constraints intensify the problem. Aim: This review synthesizes evidence on iron intake, absorption, and life stage–specific requirements, focusing on adolescent and pregnant women in Uttarakhand. It also examines the health and socio-economic consequences of deficiency and evaluates government interventions. Methodology: A narrative review approach was employed, drawing on peer-reviewed studies, national surveys, and regional reports. Special emphasis was placed on dietary practices, cultural influences, and public health initiatives such as Anemia Mukt Bharat, ICDS, Janani Suraksha Yojana, and Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation. Results: Findings show persistently high anemia prevalence in women despite ongoing programs. Consequences include impaired maternal and fetal health, adolescent growth deficits, cognitive decline, and reduced productivity, with risks of intergenerational transmission. Region-specific barriers limit the effectiveness of national interventions when applied uniformly. Conclusion: Iron deficiency among women in Uttarakhand remains a major public health challenge. Tailored, culturally sensitive strategies—combining dietary diversification, nutrition education, supplementation, and stronger healthcare delivery—are urgently required to improve maternal-child health and break the cycle of anemia.