State information policy in the context of hybrid threats: Legal and political aspects

The study aimed to identify the main ways to optimise the state information policy in order to strengthen the ability to withstand complex hybrid challenges. The study examined modern approaches to the definition of hybrid threats and their impact on the information sphere of the state. The legal mechanisms of information policy regulation in the context of countering hybrid threats have been considered, and the effectiveness of political tools for formulating and implementing the stateʼs information strategy in the context of hybrid warfare is assessed. The analysis showed the complex and multidimensional nature of hybrid threats, which significantly complicates the process of forming an effective information policy. In the period from 2014 to 2024, Ukraineʼs legal and regulatory framework in the field of information security has developed significantly but still has gaps, in particular in the flexibility of legal norms and mechanisms of interagency coordination. The assessment of the effectiveness of policy instruments showed significant progress in strengthening Ukraineʼs institutional capacity to counter information threats but revealed the need for further improvement of coordination mechanisms and development of public-private partnerships. The study proposed a conceptual model of an integrated system of state information policy that demonstrates high efficiency in responding to various hybrid threat scenarios. The key success factor is the systemʼs ability to constantly adapt and learn. The results emphasised the need for an integrated approach to information security, including legal, institutional, technological, and social aspects. Special attention was paid to the development of research capacity in the field of information security and the introduction of innovative technologies to counter emerging hybrid threats. The results of the study have expanded the theoretical understanding of information policy in the context of hybrid threats, which has allowed to provide practical recommendations for improving the relevant state strategies