Epigenetic regulation espeically histone modifications in breast cancer: A viable and emerging targeted therapeutic strategy

Epigenetic regulation, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA activities, is a crucial mechanism through which gene expression is modified without corresponding changes in genomic DNA sequences. Dysregulation of these mechanisms can lead to histone and DNA modifications that either suppress or enhance the expression of disease progression-related genes. Among these regulatory processes, histone modifications are particularly significant, as they contribute to genomic stability, DNA repair, and chromatin dynamics, all of which influence breast cancer initiation and progression. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of research centered on epigenetic regulatory factors, with a particular focus on the role that histone modifications play in the treatment of breast cancer. It also examines the interplay between epigenetic modifications and the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy when treating breast cancer. Lastly, this article explores the potential of epigenetic regulatory factors as viable targets for the future design of new anticancer therapies.