Comparison of the Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Super Brain Yoga on Balance and Balance Confidence in Inactive Elderly Individuals

Background: Aging is associated with numerous physical and cognitive challenges, one of the most significant being balance problems. Balance issues are commonly observed in inactive elderly individuals and may lead to falls and decreased self-confidence. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of two methods, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and super brain yoga, on balance and balance confidence in inactive elderly individuals. Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 30 elderly participants aged 60 to 70 years from comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad in 2024, who were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were divided into three groups: Super brain yoga, tDCS, and a control group. The groups underwent different interventions for 8 weeks, with three sessions per week, each lasting 15 minutes. Data were collected using questionnaires, the tDCS device, and the Flamingo Balance Test, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, Bonferroni tests, and dependent t-tests. Results: The analysis showed significant differences among the yoga, tDCS, and control groups in terms of balance and balance confidence. Super brain yoga improved anteroposterior (P = 0.008) and overall balance indices (P < 0.0001) the most. The tDCS had a significant effect on the Overall Balance Index (P = 0.003) and the Flamingo balance test (P = 0.034). Both yoga (P = 0.005) and tDCS (P = 0.004) improved balance confidence in the elderly. Conclusions: The tDCS and super brain yoga both improved balance and balance confidence in inactive elderly individuals. Super brain yoga was more effective on certain indices, while tDCS affected specific indices. These methods could serve as important interventions in elderly rehabilitation programs.