Current principles and prospects of drug therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer with BRAF mutation (literature review)

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) accounts for a significant proportion of oncological morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Russia. The presence of the BRAF (V600E) mutation in CRC defines a distinct biological subtype of tumors, characterized by a more aggressive clinical course, poor response to conventional therapies, and resistance to anti- EGFR agents. However, this subtype harbors molecular targets suitable for the use of targeted therapies. The prevalence of BRAF mutations in the population is approximately 8–10%. BRAF gene mutations may co-occur with other molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, such as microsatellite instability-high ( MSI-H) tumors, necessitating a specific, tailored sequence of therapeutic approaches for these patients. This article provides data on the efficacy and safety of a targeted combination regimen — BRAF inhibitor encorafenib and anti-EGFR agent cetuximab — based on the results from a phase III clinical trial, as well as outcomes derived from real-world clinical practice protocols. Analysis of efficacy includes assessment of response rates, survival metrics, and the frequency and nature of adverse events. KEYWORDS: metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), encorafenib, cetuximab, immunotherapy, BRAF V600E mutation. FOR CITATION: Bolotina L.V. Current principles and prospects of drug therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer with BRAF mutation (literature review). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2025;9(7):403–412 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2025-9-7-5