Coagulation Profile and D Dimer in Diabetes Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes coagulopathies by glycating haemoglobin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, and other proteins involved in the clotting process. Shortened PTTK and PT reflect a hypercoagulable state associated with an increased thrombotic risk and a negative cardiovascular effect, both of which can lead to the beginning and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disorders. Objective: To examine the coagulation profile and D dimer in diabetic patients and controls. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control research was conducted in the department of Laboratory Medicine, BIRDEM General hospital from August 2024 to February 2025. Patients with type-2 diabetes were included in the study. Healthy individuals of the same age group were matched for the study analysis having no type-2 diabetes or other comorbid conditions. Individuals with a history of hypercoagulability, such as thrombocytosis, known inherited coagulation disorders, venous thromboembolism, pregnancy, cancer, recent surgery, and hyperthyroidism were excluded. Results: The mean age was 49.71 (±17.62) years. Regarding coagulation profile mean PT (sec), PTTK (Sec), Fibrinogen (mg/dl), D-dimer (µgm/ml), Platelets count (cell/L). FBS (mg/dl) and HbA1c were significant relation with diabetic in comparison to non-diabetic (p<0.02). Also significant relation with diabetic with complication and without complicated patients. Conclusion: The coagulation profile alters, with non-diabetics having significantly increased PT(Sec), PTTK(Sec), and platelet count(cell/L) levels than diabetics. Diabetes mellitus patients exhibited significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (mg/dl), D-dimer (µg/ml), FBS (mg/dl), and HbA1c than controls.